Aerial vs. Underground Fiber: Which Deployment Method Is More Cost-Effective?

When deploying fiber in rural areas, broadband providers often face a critical question: Is aerial fiber cheaper than plowing? The answer depends on multiple factors, including infrastructure readiness, terrain, and regulatory requirements. To make an informed decision, it’s essential to understand the cost drivers of make-ready work (for aerial fiber) and plowing (for underground fiber).

What Are Make-Ready Costs?

Make-ready costs refer to the expenses involved in preparing existing utility poles for new fiber optic cable attachments. This process may include:

• Moving or rearranging existing cables.
• Replacing or reinforcing poles.
• Ensuring compliance with safety regulations (e.g., clearance requirements).

These costs can vary widely depending on:

• The condition of existing poles.
• The number of utilities already attached.
• Local permitting and regulatory requirements.

Because make-ready work is necessary for aerial fiber deployment, its cost is highly dependent on existing infrastructure conditions.
 

What Is Plowing Fiber?

Plowing fiber is a method of underground deployment that uses specialized equipment to create a narrow trench while simultaneously laying fiber optic cable. Compared to traditional trenching, plowing is often faster and less disruptive.

Plowing costs are influenced by:

• Soil conditions and terrain.
• The required depth of cable burial.
• The total fiber route length.

Since plowing is an underground deployment method, it tends to be more expensive than aerial fiber due to labor and equipment costs. However, it provides added benefits such as better protection from weather and reduced visual impact.
 

Key Cost Considerations: Aerial vs. Underground

• Deployment Method:
  • Make-ready costs apply to aerial fiber (utility poles).
  • Plowing costs apply to underground fibe (buried in trenches).
• Cost Drivers:
  • Make-ready costs depend on the condition of existing infrastructure and regulatory compliance.
  • Plowing costs are affected by terrain, soil type, and route length.
• General Cost Comparison:
  • Aerial fiber is typically cheaper than underground fiber.
  • Plowing fiber incurs higher upfront costs but offers long-term benefits like durability and reduced maintenance.
  • Make-ready costs are highly variable, whereas plowing costs are more predictable based on the length of the fiber run.

Both aerial and underground fiber deployment come with unique cost considerations. While aerial fiber often provides a more cost-effective solution, underground fiber may be the better long-term investment in areas prone to severe weather or regulatory challenges. By evaluating infrastructure conditions, terrain, and budget, ISPs can determine the most efficient approach for their rural fiber projects. Looking to optimize your fiber deployment strategy? Our team can help you navigate the costs and challenges of aerial vs. underground fiber. Contact us today to discuss the best approach for your network expansion!